Tenses sering banget jadi momok pas belajar bahasa Inggris. Padahal, kalau kamu sudah paham dengan konsepnya, tenses itu kayak peta yang ngebantu cerita dan obrolan kamu dengan jelas. 

Nah, di artikel kali ini, kita bakal ngerangkup semua jenis tenses dengan simpel dan seru supaya kamu nggak pusing lagi pas ujian dan ngadepin soal-soal grammar. Siap? Yuk, langsung check it out!

Apa Itu Tenses?

SkulChamps, perlu kamu ketahui kalau tenses itu ibarat “penunjuk waktu” dalam bahasa Inggris. Mereka membantu kita untuk memberi tahu kapan suatu kejadian berlangsung. Apakah di masa lalu (past), sekarang (present), atau nanti di masa depan (future).

Nah, setiap tenses, punya aturan khusus yang dipakai buat kalimat. Tujuannya agar setiap pembaca dan pendengar bisa jelas memahami tujuan hingga konteks yang dimaksud.

Tenses selalu muncul di berbagai macam teks bahasa Inggris. Dengan menguasai tenses, kamu juga bisa memahami latar belakang teks dan apa yang sedang dibicarakan di dalamnya. 

Jenis-jenis Tenses, Rumus, dan Contoh Kalimatnya

Berikut penjelasan jenis-jenis tenses, rumusnya, dan contoh kalimatnya! Biar gampang, yuk, kita bahas per kelompok:

1. Simple Present Tenses

Fungsi: untuk menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta, atau kejadian saat ini

Rumus:

(+) Subject + Verb 1 (s/es)

(-) Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1

(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I go to school every day.
• She reads a book.

Kalimat Negatif

• I don’t go to school every day
• She doesn’t read a book

Kalimat Tanya

• Do you go to school every day?
• Does she read a book?

2. Simple Past Tenses

Fungsi: untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai di masa lalu

Rumus:

(+) Subject + Verb 2

(-) Subject + did not + Verb 1

(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I watched a movie yesterday.
• She visited her grandma last week.

Kalimat Negatif

• I did not watch a movie yesterday.
• She did not visit her grandma last week.

Kalimat Tanya

• Did you watch a movie yesterday?
• Did she visit her grandma last week?

3. Simple Future Tenses

Fungsi: untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will + Verb 1

(-) Subject + will not + Verb 1

(?) Will + Subject + Verb 1?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I will travel to Japan next year.
• He will start a new job tomorrow.

Kalimat Negatif

• I will not travel to Japan next year.
• He will not start a new job tomorrow..

Kalimat Tanya

• Will you travel to Japan next year?
• Will he start a new job tomorrow?

4. Present Continuous Tenses

Fungsi: untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung sekarang.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing

(?) Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I am studying English now.
• They are playing football in the park.

Kalimat Negatif

• I am not studying English now.
• They are not playing football in the park.

Kalimat Tanya

• Am I studying English now?
• Are they playing football in the park?

5. Past Continuous Tenses

Fungsi: untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing

(-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing

(?) Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• She was cooking dinner when I arrived.
• We were watching TV at 7 PM.

Kalimat Negatif

• She was not cooking dinner when I arrived.
• We were not watching TV at 7 PM.

Kalimat Tanya

• Was she cooking dinner when you arrived?
• Were you watching TV at 7 PM?

6. Present Perfect Tenses

Fungsi: Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai, tapi masih ada hubungannya dengan masa kini.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + has/have + Verb 3

(-) Subject + has/have + not + Verb 3

(?) Has/Have + Subject + Verb 3?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I have finished my homework.
• She has traveled to Paris.

Kalimat Negatif

• I have not finished my homework.
• She has not traveled to Paris.

Kalimat Tanya

• Have you finished your homework?
• Has she traveled to Paris?

7. Past Perfect Tenses

Fungsi: Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + had + Verb 3

(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3

(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I had eaten before he arrived.
• They had left when the rain started.

Kalimat Negatif

• I had not eaten before he arrived.
• They had not left when the rain started.

Kalimat Tanya

• Had you eaten before he arrived?
• Had they left when the rain started?

8. Future Perfect Tenses

Fungsi: Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will have + Verb 3

(-) Subject + will not have + Verb 3

(?) Will + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I will have completed the project by tomorrow.
• She will have graduated by next year.

Kalimat Negatif

• I will not have completed the project by tomorrow.
• She will not have graduated by next year.

Kalimat Tanya

• Will you have completed the project by tomorrow?
• Will she have graduated by next year?

9. Present Perfect Continuous Tenses

Fungsi: Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu hingga sekarang.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing

(-) Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing

(?) Has/Have + Subject + been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I have been reading for two hours.
• They have been studying since morning.

Kalimat Negatif

• I have not been reading for two hours.
• They have not been studying since morning.

Kalimat Tanya

• Have you been reading for two hours?
• Have they been studying since morning?

10. Past Perfect Continuous Tenses

Fungsi: Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing

(-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing

(?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I had been working for three hours before he came.
• They had been waiting for an hour before the bus arrived.

Kalimat Negatif

• I had not been working for three hours before he came.
• They had not been waiting for an hour before the bus arrived.

Kalimat Tanya

• Had you been working for three hours before he came?
• Had they been waiting for an hour before the bus arrived?

11. Future Perfect Continuous Tenses

Fungsi: Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu hingga waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will + have been + Verb-ing

(-) Subject + will not + have been + Verb-ing

(?) Will + Subject + have been + Verb-ing?

Contoh:

Kalimat Positif

• I will have been studying for five hours by noon.
• She will have been working there for a year by next month.

Kalimat Negatif

• I will not have been studying for five hours by noon.
• She will not have been working there for a year by next month.

Kalimat Tanya

• Will you have been studying for five hours by noon?
• Will she have been working there for a year by next month?

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